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Type 1 Diabetes
In Type 1 diabetes the pancreas stops making insulin. Without insulin, the body’s cells cannot turn glucose (sugar), into energy. Without insulin the body burns its own fats as a substitute. Unless treated with daily injections of insulin, people with Type 1 diabetes accumulate dangerous chemical substances in their blood from the burning of fat. This can cause a condition known as ketoacidosis. This condition is potentially life threatening if not treated.

People with Type 1 diabetes depend on insulin injections every day of their lives. The onset of Type 1 diabetes typically occurs in people under 30 years, but can occur at any age. About 10-15% of all cases of diabetes are Type 1.

The exact cause of Type 1 diabetes is not yet known, but we do know it has a strong family link and cannot be prevented. We also know that it has nothing to do with lifestyle, although maintaining a healthy lifestyle is very important in helping to manage Type 1 diabetes. At this stage nothing can be done to prevent or cure Type 1 diabetes.

Type 2 Diabetes
Type 2 is the most common form of diabetes, affecting 85-90% of all people with diabetes. While it usually affects older adults, more and more young people, even children, are getting Type 2 diabetes.

In Type 2 diabetes, the pancreas makes some insulin but it is not produced in the amount your body needs and it does not work effectively.

Type 2 diabetes results from a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Although there is a strong genetic predisposition, the risk is greatly increased when associated with lifestyle factors such as high blood pressure, overweight or obesity, insufficient physical activity, poor diet and the classic ‘apple shape’ body where extra weight is carried around the waist.

While treatment depends on a number of factors including the signs and symptoms of diabetes, type of diabetes, and severity and age. Most treatment regimes include lifestyle changes including healthy eating and regular physical activity, medicinal treatment (either allopathic medication, natural remedies or both), as well as close monitoring of blood glucose levels. There is currently no cure for Type 2 diabetes.

Preventing Type 2 Diabetes
It is estimated that up to 60% of Type 2 diabetes can be prevented. People at risk of Type 2 diabetes can delay and even prevent this disease by following a healthy lifestyle. This includes:
   - maintaining a healthy weight
   - regular physical activity
   - making healthy food choices
   - managing blood pressure
   - managing cholesterol levels
   - not smoking.

For more information visit Diabetes Queensland website.